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เอกสารมาตรฐาน
สหรัฐอเมริกา
APHA
SMWW 3500-Ti
Titanium
2023
2
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)
Titanium (Ti) is the first element in Group IVB in the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 22, an atomic weight of 47.88, and valences of 2, 3, and 4. The average abundance of Ti in the earth’s crust is 0.6%; in soils it is 1700 to 6600 ppm; in streams it is 3 μg/L, and in groundwaters it is <0.1 mg/L. The element is commonly associated with iron minerals. Titanium is used in alloys for aircraft, marine, and food-handling equipment. Compounds of the metal are used in pigments and as a reducing agent...