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Mercury (Hg) is the third element in Group IIB in the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 80, an atomic weight of 200.59, and valences of 1 and 2. The average abundance of Hg in the earth’s crust is 0.09 ppm; in soils it is 30 to 160 ppb; in streams it is 0.07 μg/L, and in groundwaters it is 0.5 to 1 μg/L. Mercury occurs free in nature, but the chief source is cinnabar (HgS). Mercury is used in amalgams, mirror coatings, vapor lamps, paints, measuring devices (thermometers, barometers, manometers), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fungicides. It is often used in paper mills as a mold retardant for paper...