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APHA
SMWW 3500-Ge
Germanium
2023
1
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)
Germanium (Ge) is the third element in Group IVA in the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 32, an atomic weight of 72.59, and valences of 2 and 4. The average abundance of Ge in the earth’s crust is 1.5 ppm; in streams it is 0.03 to 0.1 μg/L; and in groundwaters it is <0.1 mg/L. Germanium is found in germanite, in certain zinc ores, and in elevated levels in certain hot spring waters. Germanium alloys are used in transistors, gold alloys, phosphors, and semiconducting devices...