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APHA
SMWW 2330
Calcium Carbonate Saturation
2023
10
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. (Treatises&monographs FL2)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation indices are commonly used to evaluate a water’s scale-forming and scale-dissolving tendencies to help prevent CaCO3 scaling in piping and equipment (e.g., industrial heat exchangers or domestic water heaters). The indices can be applicable in reducing corrosion in iron, steel, and cement piping, but not in controlling lead and copper release...