สิ่งแวดล้อม มลภาวะ ของเสีย
เอกสารมาตรฐาน
สหรัฐอเมริกา
APHA
SMWW 8921
Fathead Minnow
2023
9
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)
The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) is a small, common, and widely distributed freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae. This minnow is maintained easily in the laboratory and can be spawned year-round. These attributes have led to its widespread use in aquatic toxicology studies, particularly those using early life stages (i.e., embryos and larvae), such as the short-term tests for measuring the chronic toxicity of effluents. Other procedures for testing larval growth of fathead minnows are available.