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สหรัฐอเมริกา

APHA

SMWW 8921

Fathead Minnow

2023

9

Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)

The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) is a small, common, and widely distributed freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae. This minnow is maintained easily in the laboratory and can be spawned year-round. These attributes have led to its widespread use in aquatic toxicology studies, particularly those using early life stages (i.e., embryos and larvae), such as the short-term tests for measuring the chronic toxicity of effluents. Other procedures for testing larval growth of fathead minnows are available.