สิ่งแวดล้อม มลภาวะ ของเสีย
เอกสารมาตรฐาน
สหรัฐอเมริกา
APHA
SMWW 5540
Surfactants
2023
9
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)
Surfactants enter waters and wastewaters mainly by the discharge of aqueous wastes from household and industrial laundering and other cleansing operations. A surfactant combines in a single molecule, a strongly hydrophobic group with a strongly hydrophilic one. Such molecules tend to congregate at the interfaces between the aqueous medium and the other phases of the system such as air, oily liquids, and particles, thus imparting properties such as foaming, emulsification, and particle suspension...