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APHA
SMWW 4500-S04 2-
Sulfate
2023
7
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)
Sulfate (SO4 2−) is widely distributed in nature and may be present in natural waters in concentrations ranging from a few to several thousand milligrams per liter. Mine drainage wastes may contribute large amounts of SO4 2− through pyrite oxidation. Sodium and magnesium sulfate exert a cathartic action.