สิ่งแวดล้อม มลภาวะ ของเสีย
เอกสารมาตรฐาน
สหรัฐอเมริกา
APHA
SMWW 9224
Detection of Coliphages
2023
19
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (543.3 APHA 24th ed. Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, were first noted independently by Frederick William Twort and Felix Hubert d’Hérelle between 1915 and 1917. Coliphages are a heterogeneous group of bacteriophages that infect and replicate in Gram-negative bacteria including coliforms and Escherichia coli. Coliphages are part of the gut microbiome and are excreted in the feces of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Present in large numbers in sewage, coliphages also have been isolated from sewage-contaminated sources including beaches, and other waters...