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COMPENDIUM

Nut Meats

2015

10

Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods (576.163 COM 5th ed. Ch. 57 Ref. Treatises&monographs FL2)

"Nuts" are derived from trees, shrubs, or plants and may be botanically defined as drupes (e.g., almond, coconut, macadamia, pecan, pistachio, walnut), legumes (e.g., peanut), nuts (e.g., chestnut, filbert), or seeds (e.g., Brazil nut, cashew, pignolia or pine nut, pumpkin, sesame, sunflower). Nuts are grown in many countries, and the nut meats are consumed in a variety of forms, including raw, blanched, and dry- or oil-roasted, and may be sold to be eaten out-of-hand in-the-shell or as shelled kernels. Nuts are also sold as processed products (e.g., nut butter) or as ingredients (e.g., flour, paste, pieces, whole nut) in other foods (e.g., baked goods, cake mixes, candy, cereals, ice cream). Worldwide, economically important nuts include almond (Prunus du/cis), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), chestnut (Castanea spp.), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), filbert or hazelnut (Corylus spp.), macadamia (Macadamia spp.), peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), pistachio (pistacia vera L.), and walnut (Juglans spp.)...