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Confectionery is what many people think of as "candy" or "sweets." Confectioneries are sweet, shelf-stable products with low water activity (aw ). Most confectioneries-and all confectioneries considered in the context of this chapterhave a w values below 0.85. Confectioneries belong to one of two groups: sugar confectionery or chocolate confectionery; however, broader classifications sometimes are used. 30 These products contain sugar, syrups, honey, or other sweeteners. Confectionery products may also contain cocoa or chocolate products; dried milk or other dairy products; nuts, coconut or other fruits; cereal grain products such as crisped rice; starch, gelatin, or other thickeners; egg albumen; spices, colors, flavors or acidulants; or other ingredients...