รายละเอียดเอกสาร

Batteries are electrochemical energy devices that store electric power. They are used widely in our daily lives. A primary battery converts energy that is stored in battery materials of different electrochemical potentials to electricity. While a rechargeable battery can store electricity by converting it to chemical energy to be stored in battery materials, it can also release a major portion of the energy back in the form of electricity when needed. The capability of supporting highly efficient bidirectional electron flow and the flexibility of being free from site limitation make rechargeable batteries excellent technologies to “move electrons over time” and to enable an energy-sustainable society with reduced carbon footprint. The major requirements for rechargeable batteries are energy, power, lifetime, duration, reliability/safety, and cost. ....