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Bacteria in the genus Shigella are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, are nearly identical genetically to Escherichia coli, and are closely related to Salmonella and Citrobacter spp. There are four species of Shigella that are divided serologically, based on their somatic 0 antigen: S. dysenteriae (serogroup A); S. flexneri (serogroup B); S. boydii (serogroup C); and S. sonnei (serogroup D). Each serogroup, except S. sonnei, has several different serovars and subserovars. Table 37-1 lists 43 recognized serotypes (S. boydii 13 has been reclassified as Escherichia albertii) ...