Plastics are ubiquitous in products we use every day, and recent studies have begun to reveal the effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs) on the health of humans and animals. Much research on the health effects of MPs and NPs to date has focused on marine life, especially fish. A few early studies have investigated possible toxic effects of plastics on terrestrial species such as birds, earthworms, insects, humans and other mammals, but myriad specifics remain unknown. ....